ABSTRACT
Chagas disease is becoming a public health problem in Latin America due to the wide distribution, the high prevalence, the magnitude of the damage caused and the difficulties to control it. In Paraguay, the disease is mainly distributed in the departments of Paraguari, Cordillera and Central. Prevalence in marginal zones, where migrations from rural populations and endemic areas make possible the urbanization of the disease, has no been studied yet. This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional sampling and a probabilistic system recruitment carrred out in school aged children from marginal zones of Asuncion to determine the prevalence of Chagas' disease. Serological methods, parasite isolation and questionnaires were used to achieve the goals. Nine hundred and fifty three children were studied to determine the prevalence of Chagas' disease in marginal zones which was 1.4 percent
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Poverty Areas , Paraguay , Surveys and Questionnaires , Public Health/statistics & numerical data , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
El acelerado crecimiento de la población, su conformación por edades y su distribución espacial han despertado en el Paraguay una creciente preocupación pública. Experimentamos una transición demográfica moderada, conformada por las consecuencias de la modernización y el ritmo dispar de los cambios económicos y sociales. Al disminuir la mortalidad y persisir patrones de alta natalidad, se conforma una estructura de edades que consolida el crecimiento demográfico, con un aumento centrado en la población dependiente. A fines de los sesenta se percebió la necesidad de abordar de forma sistemática la problemática de población, principalmente en el marco de la planificación económica, implantando al mismo tiempo la planificación familiar como instrumento de salud pública, antecedente de lo que es hoy salud reproductiva. La percepción de los gobiernos nacionales sobre el tema de población fue y es ambivalente, porque se considera el crecimiento poblacional como un factor siempre positivo, producto de una visión economicista que absolutiza las consecuencias de un mercado interno reducido. La inexistencia de un plan de desarrollo, el déficit de gestión y la insuficiente capacitación tornan dudosa la posibilidad de definir políticas o programas de población orgánicamente articulados, excepto en el ámbito de la salud reproductiva.
Subject(s)
Family Planning Policy , Reproductive Health , Public PolicyABSTRACT
El estudio aborda la problemàtica de la salud reproductiva de la adolescente, por medio de una investigaciòn de diseño descriptivo, realizado en la Maternidad del Hospital de Clìnicas (UNA). Se analizaron las caracterìsticas biològicas y psicosociales en base a las dimensiones socio-econòmica, salud, planificaciòn familiar, educaciòn sexual y psicosociales, mediante entrevistas estructuradas individuales realizadas a 250 mujeres de bajo nivel econòmico, entre 12 y 19 años, internadas para la atenciòn de su parto, con el objeto de ampliar y actualizar conocimientos para la elaboraciòn y ejecuciòn de acciones interventivas de caràcter integral
Subject(s)
Pregnancy in Adolescence/psychology , Sexuality , Fertility , Family Development Planning/educationABSTRACT
Insecticidal residual effect and triatomine infestation rates in houses of a community fumigated with lambdcyhalothrin (Icon) are reported. No mortality was observed in 5th-instar Triatoma infestans nymphs in 72-hr exposure test on three different surfaces, one month after fumigation for a dose of 31.5 mg am/m2. However, during post-exposure observation a mortality of 60 was recorded for those insect exposed on sprayed woodboard. The results observed with mud-containing treated walls, were markedly poorer (0 of mortality). Twelve month after spraying 40 of mortality was observed on first-instar T. infestans nymphs in 72-hr exposure test on woodboard, but lower mortality rates were observed in mud-containing materials. When the effect of deltamethrin (109 mg ai/m2) and lambdcyhalothrin (94 mg ai/m2) was compared, the former did not appear to be superior at similar loads. Both have showed a mortality rate of 30 on 5th-instar T. infestans nymphs three months post-fumigation. The dose utilized in the field fumigation was enough to get a significant (p < 0.0001) control of triatomine domestic infestation, since it was sufficient to keep 95 of the houses uninfested throughout 21 months following treatment, when compared with baseline situation. A remarkable knock-down effect on adult and nymphs forms of the insect and a high in situ mortality were observed as a result of its application, even at very low doses.